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People in the Shaolin Monastery

Shi Dechan 释 德 禅

One of the outstanding monks of the Shaolin Temple of modernity Shi Dechan. The 86 years of his life extended over the 20 Century, a period that brought the people of China dramatic upheavals in the social and cultural fields. Shi Dechan is one of the few monks who - reprisals, threats as well allure despite - the Shaolin Temple never turned his back, but have always fought for its preservation and for the survival of Shaolin culture. He also united in his person the three pillars of Shaolin culture: Chan Buddhism, martial arts and traditional Chinese medicine. Some of today's Shaolin monks and masters have not seen him and could share his knowledge and his many extraordinary experiences.

first Shi Dechan

The youth

early in his life Shi Dechan learned - with secular name survey Liu (刘 二 和), - know poverty and want. He was 1907 in the village Zhuang Zuo (左 庄 / Cheng Guan Zheng) in the district of the Chinese province of Henan Dengfeng (登封 市, 河南省) born to single parents. Even as a child confronted with the loss of his father, he was forced to leave his family. He came at the age of 9 years in the Shaolin Temple, where he was adopted by the Chan master Suguang (素 光 禅师) as a student. After only a year and died Suguang Dechan he was sent to the school of the Shaolin Temple, which he successfully 1920 completed. " At first it was very difficult, I often cried, but I soon learned to overcome pain by concentrating ," said Shi Dechan in the 80s in an interview in the magazine "Spiegel" about his first years in the Shaolin Temple. And: "A Shaolin monk to be and do not master kung fu, would be a terrible shame was * 1 (see below) .
Shi Zhenjun (贞 俊 1865-1939) - his "master-grandfather" (shīyé 师爷) and an authority in the temple - to recognize the intelligence of the boy and his suitability to be an intellectually challenging Activity. He sent him to master Jixue (寂 学), a famous Buddhist monk doctor in Huangwan Monastery (黄 湾 庙 huang wan miao), and to the old monk Zhanying (湛 盈) in Jingang Temple (金刚 寺 Jingang si) in the teaching in order to allow him to train in traditional Chinese medicine and Buddhist monastic medicine. Dechan acquired a profound knowledge of the masters, intensively studied the medical classics, and graduated in 1924 with excellent marks. He put the chang jiang Temple (归元寺 chang jiang si) in Wuhan (武汉) monastic vows off and a little later - in May 1924 - he was in the Huishan Temple (会 善 寺 Huishan si) sent in this additional cancellation of the Shaolin Monastery, he took a short time the function as Prefect of the guest relations department. "Home Chef" (知客 zhik) and monk doctor (僧 医 sengyi), (jianyuan 监 院) then as temple guards.

1927 he returned to the Shaolin Temple and was used in the same offices. This year, the temple was already in a whirl of events, the less complete later almost to his Decline would have led, and thus strongly influenced Dechans life, but it could not derail.

chaos of war

China and were in particular our province of Henan at the time of civil war-like conditions and struggles of various warlords (warlords) were determined. After the collapse of the last empire of China, various military groups had formed around former generals of the North China Beijing Army, the so-called "Northern militarists." They fought for supremacy in the country, with The only victories were of short duration and caused no stability. Political groups and coalitions of groups involved changed frequently and unpredictably. To set the constant turmoil of war and an end to that country, began in 1926 Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi 蒋介石) and his army of the Kuomintang (中国 国民党), the so-called "Northern Expedition" (北伐) against these warlords. In the course of which involved a protection force of the Shaolin temple to the war, - but on the opposing side. On 6 March 1928 , the Shaolin Temple of fighting on the side of the KMT Troops under the command of Lieutenant Yousan Shi (石 友 三 shí yǒusān) set on fire. The fire is said to have lasted for 40 days and destroyed most of the monastery.
Shi Dechan should not have taken in this situation as many other monks to flee, but gathers the fighting monks of the temple to protect them with the possession of the monastery and to fight against the KMT troops. That is a description of the Shaolin monk Shi Deqian (释 德 浅) from the year 1984. According to others, there was, however, given the overwhelming power of the KMT troops not fighting on the part of the Shaolin monks and Shi Dechan: they had to watch with my own eyes how transformed the historical heritage of the temple in ashes, but they succeeded in their lives, some documents of historic value (including parts of the Buddhist canon, and the Shaolin fist fight Compendium) to recover. Eventually fled Shi Dechan with other monks in the mountains, and they kept there for a while hidden. After the troops had left, they returned to the temple and started the cleanup. From that time until the Cultural Revolution in the Shaolin Temple are only about 30 monks lived.

second Shi Dechan (center), Shi Suxi (right), Shi Xingci (left), Shi Yongwu (top)

bandits, epidemics and poverty

1929 Dechan brought the books and documents he had kept in a secret place, back in the temple. In the meantime, he traveled to various temples in Henan as Fengxue Temple (风 穴 寺 fengxue si) and Qianming Temple (干 明 寺 Qianming si), in order to deepen his Buddhist studies and to help with his medical characteristics Nissen. He came through four towns where the residents had reached the edge of their ability to survive. The cause they called the "three great evils" that had occurred one after another: an epidemic that "redbeards" and the "black beards. With the latter two bands of robbers were intended, which were successively attacked the villages. The political uncertainty and turmoil of war had, in fact, the spread and increased power of local bandits - especially in the provinces of Henan and Shaanxi, which has since ancient times for its "nest robbers" were known. You participated extensively in the battles of the armies, sometimes together, sometimes against each other and joined alliances with these times, sometimes with those warlords. At times they worked then "own account". This often included kidnappings: for cash payment, the hostages were eventually released again in non-payment they were murdered or they could starve. In such a situation was Dechan his own safety at risk and went to the "tiger mouth". He met the leader of the robbers told him the Buddhist doctrine of karma, after you harvest ever been the fruit of his actions, and persuaded that the bandits were ten hostages released without payment of money.


1930 could provide Shi Dechan during an epidemic, his medical skills to the test. This epidemic had had a particularly high death rate, as the swallow in her sick no more and therefore take no medications. The master learned of a family died in the course of 20 hours seven family members were able to bury not one, because everyone was already ill and weak to strong. Struck by the plight of the family, he found no peace. He thought, worked and experimented until he developed a medicine which gave the patient the ability to swallow them again, and thus a cure allowed. In this way he was able to save hundreds of lives.

third Dechan Shi, Shi Yongchuan

Shi Dechan had a big heart for the poor. For his medical treatment, he took from those who had a enough money to pay, paid the destitute nothing. In vain was his assistance to them at family celebrations such as weddings, funerals, etc., - he completed the authorities, the necessary papers concerned others as in a poor family, the father should be drafted into the army, bought Dechan him free with his own money because the family without a male head inevitably fall into even greater need would be (maybe he was in his own childhood memories ..).

VIP visitors and building activities

1936 received Shi Dechan and the other monks of the Shaolin Temple, a distinguished guest: General Chiang Kai-shek (蒋介石 Jiang Jieshi) celebrated on 31 His birthday in October in the nearby city of Luoyang and decided to visit with a delegation from the Shaolin Temple. When he saw the extent of destruction of the fire of 1928, he railed against Shi Yousan "Shi Yousan was bad enough." It is said that on orders from Chiang Kai-Shek out the military force of Shi Yousan later had to dig a pit in which their leader was "buried alive" - probably this refers to the assassination of Shi Yousan 1940 (for collaborating with the Japanese).
reported decades later, the archaeologist Wen Yucheng (温玉成) actually a funny story: Dechan had told him that Chiang Kai-shek himself when he visited a long time in the Shaolin Temple was staying and as they had planned no lunch for the General , presented him with a bodyguard a cup of foam / foam "you to drink. Wen Yucheng noticed the journalists laughing over that Dechan with "foam-foam" milk probably meant. (Apparently knew Shi Dechan no milk and is able to rewrite only). The archaeologist also reported that Qiang was Kai-shek affected, such a wasteland to be found in the temple and the monks were too poor to afford clothes monk. General Chiang was later the temple a financial support to the reconstruction.

4th Shi Dechan (left)

care in the first half of the 40s to Shi Dechan with all the force in the revitalization and protection of Shaolin martial arts. He brought former members of the Shaolin order, which had left the temple and were switched to the laity, like the master sword (德 根) Xingzhang (行 章) and 40 other masters in the temple to train martial arts and to next generations can deliver. During these years he also collected and arranged the "Compendium of the Shaolin fist fight" (少林 拳 谱 Shaolin quan pu), Moreover, many hand-written records of the Shaolin monks and other documents for the Shaolin martial arts. Almost everything he could gather in this time of materials should be preserved.

Due to the poor educational situation and to promote culture Dechan Shi co-founded the Shaolin monks (Shi Zhenxu 释 贞 绪, Shi Xingzheng 释 行 正, Shi Suxi 释 素 喜, Shi Sudian 释素 典 etc.) 1941 the Shaolin school. He took over its management and also served as a school doctor.


1947 came the liberation army (解放 大军 Jiefang jun da) on their train to the south by Dengfeng, a few miles from the Shaolin Temple remote district town. Shi Dechan even sought out some martial monks, asked them to join the liberation army, and exhorted them to acquire merits for the Fatherland to the temple to do honor (sic).

communism and medicine

After the founding of the People's Republic of China (1949 ) was Shi Dechan member of the District Association for Health Care (县 卫生 协会 委员 xian Weisheng xiehui).
While the communist government at that time still officially proclaimed freedom of religion met, but one of the goals they pursued, the monasteries with particular force: the expropriation of large landowners.
the great land reform was 1953 in most areas of China completed. Many of the Buddhist temple lost much of their land ownership and therefore an important source of income. Due to the impoverishment of large landowners and the nobility and the general secularization of People were also left for dead ceremonies from fees and donations. Monks and nuns had to seek new sources of income to ensure their survival, which they did not often. A few years later - Mao Zedong decided in 1958 the "Great Leap Forward" - reigned in China famine ( 1959 and 1960), caused by bad planning policy. (!). According to conservative estimates, about 25 million people who fell victim to

just this time, the medical knowledge proved to be extremely helpful Shi Dechans: first, they secured their own survival and gave him the opportunity even to support other monks, the other half on his knowledge and skills of the population in a time of serious medical services. He had also alleged that the Communists, the monks were just lazy and useless parasites to oppose something. He gathered medicinal plants in the surrounding mountains and processed them into pills, elixirs, powders, pastes, Einreibungsmitteln, medicinal tea blends, etc. Many of the Shaolin secret recipes of him were the masters and Suguang Zhenjun been sent. Shi Zhenjun as the Shaolin patch "Return of Spring" for the treatment puritider wounds, which was tested by Shi Dechan in over 1,000 cases, or the "Five-fig Patch "(wu zhi gao) for the treatment of osteomyelitis. The "Shaolin powders of the eight immortals" of the Master Shi Suguang for the treatment of injuries caused by traps and shocks as well as bone fractures and tendon injuries, was used by Dechan in about 100 cases. The recipe for the elixir "Flying Dragon steals the life" (with monkey bones!) By Fuyu (福 裕), the famous Shaolin abbot of the Song Dynasty developed and passed on in secret, was of Dechan in 3000 cases used. But Master Dechan developed and tested - as already known - including his own recipes, such as the "five treasures elixir" (Wu bao dan) or the "Shaolin patches for detoxification of poisons" (shaolin ti du gao), etc. The effectiveness of his medicine was widely known and many people came to seek treatment from him. In 1956 he joined the Medical Association of the circle Dengfeng (登封 县 医 联会) to.


1962 was the deputy chancellor Li Xiannian (李先念) to an inspection in the Shaolin Temple, during which he discussed with Shi Dechan. Of this impression, he described a banner with a hymn to the Shaolin martial arts and hung it above his bed on (hmpf "...) .


1965 Dechan Shi was offered the leadership of the Shaolin Temple and all accumulated in his work.
the time of the Cultural Revolution, so from 1966, but he lived mostly in Daiwang Miao (大 王庙), a small temple near the Shaolin Temple, as the monastery was officially closed. He practiced medicine on the Shaolin and taught his students. Again and again he passed through the villages of the environment to the people there to help with his healing. His treatment method was simple and pragmatic, included, besides the use of medicinal herbs and Qigong exercises.

Japanese friend

1976 began in China with the death of Mao Zedong (毛泽东) and the Government over by Deng Jiaoping (邓小平) in the following year the so-called "Reform Era" (改革 开放). They also brought a revival of the monasteries themselves. Monks returned to the Shaolin Temple began - not least for Broterweb - officially returned to teach martial arts. Shi Dechan also moved back into the temple, where his knowledge and skill was needed urgently.


The official re-opening of the Shaolin Temple was 1979. In April of that year, visited the Japanese Zong Daochen (宗, 道 臣 Japanese: Doshin Sun) had met the Shi Dechan in the 30s, with a 300-strong delegation from the Shaolin Temple. This was a sensational time for that event, as a result of the traumatic experiences of the previous war and the various "political camp" friendly visits between Chinese and Japanese - were still very rare - especially with such economic potential. Zhong Daochen (1911-1980) had mid-30's from a Shaolin master the martial art to learn of the temple and it made friends with Shi Dechan who could help him with health problems. After returning to Japan in 1947, he founded his own organization, by which he not only wanted to spread Shaolin martial arts, but also the appropriate ethical values in Japan. The Japanese Union for the boxing of the Shaolin Temple (日本 拳法 少林寺 Riben 联盟 shaolinsi quan fa lianmeng / Shorinji Kempo) performed very well and grew up to be a large, influential organization.
contacted Zong Daochen 1979 - now a Japanese company in the highly respected figure - the Shaolin Temple with the desire to visit the temple to pay or to make a pilgrimage to him. Fortunately, this was just the beginning of the change in Chinese policy, which brought a cautious opening and liberalization. The Chinese government agreed, and Zong Daochen came with a group of about 300 delegates, among whom were also influential personalities from various sectors of the economy - after China and the Shaolin Temple, where he was received warmly by Shi Dechan. Such was the visit of the private context, a further important step to improve relations between China and Japan.

fifth Dechan with Shi Zong Yougui

Zong Daochen repeated his visit the following year, several months after he died . But the personal friendship of the two elderly men had been so deep that Zong had asked his daughter Daochen Zong Yougui (宗, 由 贵), Shi Dechan to look like a Adoptivater. Zong Yougui continued the work of her father, attended and supported the Shaolin Temple in the following years. Nowadays there are still the Shaolin Temple and the Shorinji Kempo Organization in friendly contact with each other.

duties, offices and honors

also with other foreign organizations used Shi Dechan the contact, so the Taiwanese Association of Damo-Chan School to organizations in Switzerland, Singapore, Thailand, Iran, etc. He received many visitors and took time for their interests.
Despite his age and the increasing weakness of his body, he took over for the benefit of the Shaolin Temple and a number of important official posts:
In November 1981 Dechan Shi was a member of the Buddhist Association of China (中国 佛教 协会). In the spring of 1982 he formed a team for the collection and comparison of all techniques of Shaolin Martial Arts (少林 武术 整理 组) and took over its management. In the same year he became a member of the Standing Committee of the Chinese People's Political Optional conference in Dengfeng (登封 政协) and at the end of the year, Deputy President of the Buddhist Association of Henan Province (河南省 佛教 协会). 1984 he was elected President of the Buddhist Association of the municipality of the province Henan Zhengzhou (郑州 市 佛 协会).
After the Shaolin Temple 300 years, no consecrated abbot had had received 1986 the aged monk Shi Xingzheng the official dedication on 29 Abbot of the Shaolin temple, he passed away already almost a year later. Shi Dechan be appointed Ehrenabt of the Shaolin Temple.

6th Xingci Shi, Shi Dechan

The last few years

deteriorated since 1985, the health condition of the Master increasing. For a long time he suffered a painful Erkan Kung both knees, but now langam covered his lower limbs paralysis. The strong loss of mobility and increasing weakness, he was bound more and more wheelchair and bed and nursing care. However, it was - because of the self-sacrificing care of his students and state care - to keep its state for many years reasonably stable. In November 1992 he had to be taken to the People's Hospital of the county town. After a short time he came again into the temple where he was in the last weeks of his life mainly supervised by Master Yongji (永 继). He died on 26 January 1993 early morning in his small room.

7th Dechan Shi, Shi Yongwu

Shi Dechan had devoted his life to Buddhism, martial arts and Buddhist medicine. Even in his early years he had carefully the Surangama Sutra and the Platform Sutra of the Patriarch Huineng studied and had come to the conclusion that the doctrine of the Buddha is not outside the human world is, respectively. realized, but the middle and that anyone who wants to become a good monk, you must first be a good person. He taught his students, constantly seek their perfection in the three key disciplines: the observance of monastic rules, meditation and the development of wisdom (戒 定 慧 jie ding hui). A key concern was to him also to strengthen the unity of philosophy and practice of Chan and boxing (禅 拳 合一 chan quan heyi) and spread. On this basis, he trained a large number of students in Buddhist teachings, the Shaolin martial arts and Shaolin medicine. Among his direct students to whom he entrusted the Dharma, the Chan master Xingming (行 明) and the late lamented Xingxiang (行 香) as well as the current "chef" of the Shaolin Temple, Master Chan Xingci (行 慈) to name. Another outstanding student-Chan Shi Zhang Qinghe Dechans (张 庆贺), who later became one of the masters of Shi Dejian (德 健) was and is now sadly passed away already. To date, Shi Dejian praises - even now an internationally known and very effective media expert for Chan, martial arts and medicine - Shi Dechan as the champion with the deepest understanding of Shaolin medicine.
In Shi Dechans outstanding students of the next generation (徒孙 Tousoun = lit. grandson students) are the masters Yongcheng (永 成), Yongchuan (永 传) and Yongwu (永 悟) to call. All of the Shaolin students who had the great privilege to have learned from this outstanding champion, can now prove his worth and pay themselves as masters of the great task of keeping the Shaolin culture in its uniqueness and depth of life and give in the future.

8th Shi Dechans stupa in the Pagoda Forest

quotes
* a Both quotes from the article "Good for individuals, good for the country" by Tiziano Terzani in "Der Spiegel", 26/1983, from the Internet: http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-14019055.html, accessed on 04/05/2010

photographs

* 1 Shi Dechan 释 德 禅
* 2 Dechan Shi, Shi Suxi, Xingci Shi, Shi Yongwu 释 德 禅, 释 素 喜, 释 行 慈, 释 永 悟
* 3. Shi Dechan, Shi Yongchuan De Zen Buddhism, Buddhism never pass
* 4. Shi Dechan und (?) De Zen Buddhism
* 5. Shi Dechan, Mrs. Zong Yougui De Zen Buddhism, were by your
* 6. Shi Dechan, Shi Xingci De Zen Buddhism, Buddhist Tzu-line
* 7. Shi Dechan, Shi Yongwu De Zen Buddhism, Buddhism Yong Wu
* 8. Shi Dechans Stupa De Zen Buddhism tower

Fotos 1,2, 6,7 copyright zenkunedo / Shi Yongwu
download von http://www.zenkunedo.com/2zz.htm
Veröffentlichung mit freundlicher Approval of Shi Yongwu (谢谢!)
Photo 3 copyright Shi Yongchuan

publication courtesy Shi Yongchuan
Photo 4 copyright Oldman
publication courtesy Oldman
Photo 5 download by kongfusupply.nl
publication courtesy of kungfu supply . nl
Photo 8 copyright Heike Riedel
publication courtesy of Heike Riedel


The contents of this article have been tested the best of my knowledge and belief in their truth content and created. Reliable information received and examined, proved to be very difficult, possibly, subsequent Corrections are made. References are available upon request.
21./22.05.2010 - yss
Last update: 06.12.2010
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